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By: Ikedi Ani-okoye

Tackling diarrhoea, fever and cramp

Diarrhoea is a common complaint that usually clears up on its own, although persistent cases should be investigated. Fever is usually a symptom of infectious illness. If the temperance is very high or persists, see a doctor. With fever and diarrhoea, replacing fluid is all-important. Cramp is another common problem, and one that may be exacerbated hy fever (or any other factor that raises body temperature). Cramp spasms occur when muscle fibres over-contract. This often happens after exercise, due mostly to a build-up of lactic acid in the muscles.

Diarrhoea

Characterized by loose, frequent bowel movements, diarrhoea usually gets better without treatment. It may be accompanied by vomiting, and is commonly caused by Gastroenteritis, which may be viral or caused by contaminated foods - especially shellflsh, meat, milk or egg products - that have not been cooked properly or kept cool enough in storage. Diarrhoea may occur in many other illnesses, from harmless conditions such as eaarache to bowel cancer. Even constipation can lead to diarrhoea, as loose stools start to overflow the blocked-up bowel. Seek medical help if:

Diarrhoea persists beyond 7-10 days. * The stools are blood-stained. ~ Dehydration is developing. * There is fever. * There is persistent abdominal pain. ~ It occurs in babies or young children.

Fever

A raised temperature is a sign that the body is fighting infection or illness. It makes people tired and shivery, and they may have cold-like symptoms, feel sick or even vomit. Other symptoms that often accompany fever include diarrhoea and a burning sensation when passing urine.

It is useful to have a thermometer in your medicine cabinet, particularly if you have children. The most common methods for taking a tcmpenture are: oral or under arm, using a mercury or a digital thermometer; and a digital strip that is placed on the forehead. Rectal thermometers are also available but are more difficult to use.
Paracetamol brings down a temperature. Keep the casualty cool by sponging with lukewarm water or using a fan. Increase fluid intake to make up that lost in sweating and to protect against possible dehydration.

Cramp

Cramp is usually felt at night when we are most immobile, and it happens most commonly in the calf muscles. Getting out of bed and walking around is the best way of relieving cramp, or try massaging the affected musclde or pulling the toes towards you as far as they will go.

Cramp occurs more often during pregnancy, and may also be a sign of serious circulation problems, particularly in older smokers. Anyone experiencing regular cramp when exercising, which is relieved by rest, should see a doctor.